Metabolic dynamics of native lambs fed with Tifton 85 hay or Maniçoba hay associated with the spineless cactus / Dinâmica metabólica de cordeiros nativos alimentados com feno de capim-tifton 85 ou feno de maniçoba associados à palma forrageira

The objective of this study was to evaluate the metabolic response of native lambs fed Tifton 85 hay (Cynodon dactylon) or Maniçoba hay (Manihot pseudoglaziovii) associated with spineless cactus (Nopalea cochenillifera Salm Dyck). Sixteen Morada Nova lambs were used, with a mean initial weight of 19.36±1.48kg, distributed in a randomized block design, with two treatments and eight replications. Dry matter intake was higher for lambs fed Maniçoba hay compared to Tifton hay, while the body weight at slaughter was not influenced by diets. Regarding the blood metabolites, only the serum concentration of urea was influenced, with higher value observed in the lambs that fed the diet containing Tifton hay. When analyzing blood biomarkers, in the different biweekly collections, a linear increase in the blood concentration of urea, glucose, fructosamine, alkaline phosphatase and sodium was observed, as well as a quadratic effect for serum potassium. The other blood metabolites were not influenced in function of the collection days. The replacement of Tifton 85 hay for Maniçoba hay does not cause negative changes in the dynamics of different biomarkers and presents itself as a promising forage resource.(AU)

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a resposta metabólica de cordeiros nativos alimentados com feno de capim-tifton 85 (Cynodon dactylon) ou feno de maniçoba (Manihot pseudoglaziovii) associados à palma forrageira (Nopalea cochenillifera Salm Dyck). Foram utilizados 16 cordeiros Morada Nova, com peso inicial médio de 19,36±1,48kg, distribuídos em delineamento de blocos ao acaso, com dois tratamentos e oito repetições. O consumo de matéria seca foi maior nos cordeiros alimentados com feno de maniçoba em comparação ao feno de tifton, enquanto o peso corporal ao abate não foi influenciado pelas dietas. Em relação aos metabólitos sanguíneos, apenas a concentração sérica de ureia foi influenciada, com maior valor observado nos cordeiros que ingeriram a dieta contendo feno de capim-tifton. Quando foi realizada a análise dos biomarcadores sanguíneos nas diferentes coletas quinzenais, foi observado aumento linear nas concentrações sanguíneas de ureia, glicose, frutosamina, fosfatase alcalina e sódio, e efeito quadrático para o potássio sérico. Os demais metabólitos sanguíneos não foram influenciados em função dos dias de coleta. A substituição do feno de tifton 85 por feno de maniçoba influencia positivamente o metabolismo de cordeiros sem causar alterações na dinâmica dos diferentes biomarcadores e se apresenta como um promissor recurso forrageiro.(AU)

Weight-length relationships of six shrimp species caught off the Madeira Archipelago, Northeastern Atlantic / Relações peso-comprimento de seis espécies de camarão capturados ao largo do arquipélago da Madeira, Atlântico Nordeste

Abstract Length and weight relationships and descriptive statistics are reported for six shrimp species caught off the Madeira archipelago between 1983 and 2014 using bottom and floating traps from depths ranging from 50 to 1,300 m. The parameter b ranged between 2.36 for Plesionika ensis and 2.97 for Plesionika williamsi. All species showed a pattern of negative allometric growth. To the authors' knowledge all weight-length relationships presented herein are recorded for the first time from the Madeira area, and in the cases of Ligur ensiferus and Plesionika ensis are the first references worldwide.

Resumo As relações peso-comprimento e a estatística descritiva foram estimadas para seis espécies de camarões, capturados ao largo do arquipélago da Madeira, entre 1983 e 2014, usando armadilhas de fundo e alvoradas entre os 50 e 1.300 metros de profundidade. O parâmetro b variou entre 2,36 para Plesionika ensis e 2,97 para Plesionika williamsi. Todas as espécies evidenciaram um padrão de crescimento alométrico negativo. De acordo com o conhecimento dos autores, todas as relações peso-comprimento são aqui apresentadas pela primeira vez para a área da Madeira e no caso de Ligur ensiferus e Plesionika ensis são a primeira referência mundial.

Prospective study of the fishery of the shrimp Plesionika narval (Fabricius, 1787) in the Northeastern Atlantic / Estudo prospectivo da pesca do camarão Plesionika narval (Fabricius, 1787) no Atlântico Nordeste

Abstract Several experimental surveys were carried out in the Northeastern Atlantic, Madeira archipelago from 1991 to 2008 to explore new fisheries resources. This study examined the selectivity of bottom and floating traps and the analysis of yield-per-recruit (YPR) and biomass-per-recruit (BPR) providing helpful insight to the management of the shrimp Plesionika narval. A total of 28,262 specimens were sampled and the analysis of length at first capture returned higher values when using floating traps indicating that these traps are more selective, exerting less pressure on the resource. The YPR and BPR analysis showed that the stock is under exploited for the studied area and suggests that the use of floating traps in the commercial fisheries of P. narval is recommended, which will allow a higher maximum allowable limit of exploitation and greater yield. The results suggest that P. narval has the potential to support a viable and sustainable fishery using floating traps.

Resumo Vários cruzeiros de investigação foram realizados no Atlântico Nordeste, arquipélago da Madeira entre 1991 e 2008 visando a exploração de novos recursos pesqueiros. O presente estudo contemplou a comparação da seletividade de pesca entre armadilhas de fundo e flutuantes e a análise de rendimento por recruta (YPR) e biomassa por recruta (BPR) facultando informação essencial para a gestão do camarão Plesionika narval. Um total de 28,262 especimens foram amostrados e a análise de comprimento de primeira captura retornou valores mais elevados aquando da utilização de armadilhas flutuantes, indicando que essas armadilhas são mais seletivas e exercem menos pressão sobre o recurso. A análise YPR e BPR mostrou que o estoque se encontra sob explorado para a área de estudo e recomenda a utilização de armadilhas flutuantes na pesca comercial de P. narval, que permitirão um limite máximo de exploração com rendimento superior. Os resultados sugerem que P. narval tem o potencial para suportar uma pescaria viável e sustentável mediante a utilização de armadilhas flutuantes.

Prospective study of the fishery of the shrimp Plesionika narval (Fabricius, 1787) in the Northeastern Atlantic

Abstract Several experimental surveys were carried out in the Northeastern Atlantic, Madeira archipelago from 1991 to 2008 to explore new fisheries resources. This study examined the selectivity of bottom and floating traps and the analysis of yield-per-recruit (YPR) and biomass-per-recruit (BPR) providing helpful insight to the management of the shrimp Plesionika narval. A total of 28,262 specimens were sampled and the analysis of length at first capture returned higher values when using floating traps indicating that these traps are more selective, exerting less pressure on the resource. The YPR and BPR analysis showed that the stock is under exploited for the studied area and suggests that the use of floating traps in the commercial fisheries of P. narval is recommended, which will allow a higher maximum allowable limit of exploitation and greater yield. The results suggest that P. narval has the potential to support a viable and sustainable fishery using floating traps.

Resumo Vários cruzeiros de investigação foram realizados no Atlântico Nordeste, arquipélago da Madeira entre 1991 e 2008 visando a exploração de novos recursos pesqueiros. O presente estudo contemplou a comparação da seletividade de pesca entre armadilhas de fundo e flutuantes e a análise de rendimento por recruta (YPR) e biomassa por recruta (BPR) facultando informação essencial para a gestão do camarão Plesionika narval. Um total de 28,262 especimens foram amostrados e a análise de comprimento de primeira captura retornou valores mais elevados aquando da utilização de armadilhas flutuantes, indicando que essas armadilhas são mais seletivas e exercem menos pressão sobre o recurso. A análise YPR e BPR mostrou que o estoque se encontra sob explorado para a área de estudo e recomenda a utilização de armadilhas flutuantes na pesca comercial de P. narval, que permitirão um limite máximo de exploração com rendimento superior. Os resultados sugerem que P. narval tem o potencial para suportar uma pescaria viável e sustentável mediante a utilização de armadilhas flutuantes.

Weight-length relationships of six shrimp species caught off the Madeira Archipelago, Northeastern Atlantic

Abstract Length and weight relationships and descriptive statistics are reported for six shrimp species caught off the Madeira archipelago between 1983 and 2014 using bottom and floating traps from depths ranging from 50 to 1,300 m. The parameter b ranged between 2.36 for Plesionika ensis and 2.97 for Plesionika williamsi. All species showed a pattern of negative allometric growth. To the authors knowledge all weight-length relationships presented herein are recorded for the first time from the Madeira area, and in the cases of Ligur ensiferus and Plesionika ensis are the first references worldwide.

Resumo As relações peso-comprimento e a estatística descritiva foram estimadas para seis espécies de camarões, capturados ao largo do arquipélago da Madeira, entre 1983 e 2014, usando armadilhas de fundo e alvoradas entre os 50 e 1.300 metros de profundidade. O parâmetro b variou entre 2,36 para Plesionika ensis e 2,97 para Plesionika williamsi. Todas as espécies evidenciaram um padrão de crescimento alométrico negativo. De acordo com o conhecimento dos autores, todas as relações peso-comprimento são aqui apresentadas pela primeira vez para a área da Madeira e no caso de Ligur ensiferus e Plesionika ensis são a primeira referência mundial.

Abnormalities of glucose metabolism in spontaneously hypertensive rats

Abnormalities in glucose metabolism and insulin action are frequently detected in patients with essential hypertension. Spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) have been used as an experimental model to understand this pathological condition. The objective of the present study was to assess glucose metabolism and insulin action in SHR and Wistar rats under fed and fasting conditions. Peripheral glucose utilization was estimated by kinetic studies with [6-3H]-glucose and gluconeogenetic activity was measured during continuous [14C]-bicarbonate infusion. Plasma glucose levels were higher in the SHR group. Plasma insulin levels in the fed state were higher in the SHR group (99.8 +/- 6.5 ÁM) than in the control group (70.4 +/- 3.6 ÁM). Muscle glycogen content was reduced in SHR compared to control under the various experimental conditions. Peripheral glucose utilization was slightly lower in the SHR group in the fed state (8.72 +/- 0.55 vs 9.52 +/- 0.80 mg kg-1 min-1 in controls). Serum free fatty acid levels, hepatic glycogen levels, hepatic phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase activity and gluconeogenetic activity were similar in the two groups. The presence of hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia and the slightly reduced peripheral glucose utilization suggest the presence of resistance to the action of insulin in peripheral tissues of SHR. Hepatic gluconeogenesis does not seem to contribute to the metabolic alterations detected in these animals

Role of bradykinin in postprandial hypotension in humans

A transient significant decrease in mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) from 107 + ou - 3 to 98 + ou - 3 mmHg (P<0.05) was observed in elderly (59-69 years of age), healthy volunteers 25-30 min following ingestion of a test meal. In young volunteers (22-34 years of age), a postprandial decrease of MAP from 88 + ou - 3 to 83 + ou - 4 mmHg was also noted but it was not statistically significant. A 40 per cent decrease in bradykinin (BK) content of circulatory high molecular weight kininogen had previously been observed in human subjects given the same test meal. We presently demonstrate by specific ELISA that the stable pentapeptide metabolite (1-5 BK) of BK increases from 2.5 + ou - 1.0 to 11.0 + ou - 2.5 pg/ml plasma (P<0.05) in elderly volunteers and from 2.0 + ou - 1.0 to 10.3 + ou - 3.2 pg/ml plasma (P<0.05) in young volunteers 3 h following food intake. This result suggests that ingestion of food stimulates BK release from kininogen in normal man. Postprandial splanchnic vasodilatation, demonstrated by a decrease of plasma half-life of intravenously administered indocyanine green (ICG), a marker of mesenteric blood flow to the liver, from 4.4 + ou - 0.4 to 3.0 + ou - 0.1 min (P<0.05) in young volunteers and from 5.2 + ou - 1.0 to 4.0 + ou - 0.5 min (P<0.05) in elderly volunteers, accompanied BK release. The participation of BK in this response was investigated in subjects given the BK-potentiating drug captopril prior to food intake. Postprandial decreases of ICG half-lives were not changed by this treatment in either young or elderly subjects, a result which may indicate that BK released following food intake plays no role in postprandial splanchnic vasodilatation in normal man.

Peripheral glucose metabolism in patients with chronic renal failure

The present study was designed to determine the effect of chronic renal failure on forearm muscle glucose uptake and oxidation during the postabsorptive state and after an oral glucose challenge. Twelve normal subjects and sixteen patients with chronic renal failure were studied after an overnight fast (12-14h) and for 3h after the ingestion of 75g glucose. Peripheral glucose metabolism was analyzed by the forearm technique to estimate muscle exchange of substrate combined with indirect calorimetry. decreased forearm glucose uptake was observed in uremic patients compared to normal subjects (9l.5 ñ 11,4 vs 154.8 ñ 7.8mg 100 ml forearm -1 3h-1) with diminished nonoxidative glucose metabolism (69.4 ñ 12.1 vs 117.2 ñ 12.8mg 100 ml forearm-1 3h-1). Muscle glucose oxidation did not difer significantly between groups. Both serum free fatty acid levels and lipid oxidation rates were similar in the normal subjects and the uremic patients, and declined in a similar fashion after glucose ingestion. Basal serum insulin levels did not differ significantly between normal and uremic patients, whereas the insulinemic response to glucose load was greater among the patients with chronic renal failure. These data show that resistance occurring in patients with chronic renal failure is accompanied by impaired muscle glucose uptake and nonoxidative glucose metabolism